Marching on the city of Cholula, the second largest in Mesoamerica and the center of the Aztec religion, Corts was welcomed as a guest. For the next 144 years, the Tang ceased to exist in all but name, a far cry from its glorious days under Emperors Taizong and Xuanzong. Result: Tang victory . In mid-reign, he fell in love Yang Guifei, the wife of his eighteenth son, and she then became his favorite consort. Knowing that he was out of favor, and fearing that An Lushan was planning to kill him, An Qingxu, along with He, Yan, and Li Zhu'er, decided to assassinate An Lushan. Rebellious general An Lushan declared a rivaling Yan Dynasty. Arriving in Mexico in 1517, two years later an expedition led by Hernn Corts embarked with the goal of subjugating the native populations. The An Lushan revolt, also called the An-Shi rebellion, occurred in China from 755 to 763 AD. Wikimedia Commons. [36], On Lunar New Year's day, 756 (5 February[1]), An Lushan declared himself Emperor at Luoyang, establishing a new state of Yan, making Zhang Tongru and the surrendered Tang official Daxi Xun () his chancellors. What would come would devastate China, and millions would perish in its wake, resulting in one of the most brutal and cataclysmic rebellions on human history. Sensing the emperors weakness, northern province warlord An Lushan mounted a rebellion and occupied the capital in 755 A.D., forcing Xuanzong to flee. 343 BC290 BC. He selected some 8,000 soldiers among the surrendered Khitan, Xi, and Tongluo () tribesmen, organizing them into an elite corps known as the Yeluohe (), which meant "the brave". This rebellion involved the death of some 1336 million people, making it one of the deadliest wars in history. In 751, Xuanzong had a magnificent mansion built for An in Chang'an, sparing no expense, using jade, gold, and silver in many different places. At An's request, Emperor Xuanzong allowed him to award his soldiers with high ranks without first receiving imperial approval. He distinguished himself in the border wars of the northwestern frontier, particularly the Khitan invasion of 751-752, and rose through the ranks to become a general by the age of 33. He approached Luoyang, where he encountered an ill-prepared army commanded by Feng, defeating Feng quickly and forcing Feng to flee and concede Luoyang to him. Lasting nearly eight years, the rebellion A census taken in 280 following the reunification of the region under the Jin accounts for 2,459,840 households, encompassing 16,163,863 total subjects. I had only known about Your Imperial Majesty, and not that there is such a thing as a reserve emperor." One such general, Wu Sangui, consequently defected to the Qing cause and with their combined forces defeated the new dynasty at the Battle of Shanhai Pass. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty , with an attempt to replace it with the Yan dynasty. In 757, An Lushan was murdered by his own son. Number given is the sum of all deaths in battle recorded by Roman writers during this time period, does not take into account civilian deaths, the actual number may be much greater. The An Lushan Rebellion spanned from 16 December 755 to 17 February 763. Yang Guozhong later accused Wei of bribing An's associate Ji Wen (), and Wei and Ji were both demoted. In mid-reign, he fell in love Yang Guifei, the wife of his eighteenth son, and she then became his favorite consort. The An Read More: 16 Shocking Facts about Joseph Stalin When An went to Chang'an later that year to pay homage to Emperor Xuanzong, he presented Emperor Xuanzong with 8,000 Xi captives. This period of intense instability opened the way for the Tang to regroup and form a united opposition to the rebellion. The rebellion of An Lushan (703-757), in Chinese known as the "rebellion of An [Lushan] and Shi [Siming]" ( An Shi zhi luan An Lushan was extremely fat, and often played the jester to win favor. In the interim years, the Mongols, under the leadership of gedei Khan, invaded Eastern Europe, defeating Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Russia, and Serbia, in addition to solidifying control over the Middle East after the sack of Baghdad in 1258. The rebellion overtly began on 16 December 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on 17 February 763 (although the effects lasted past this). An Lushan's forces were blocked from the main imperial capital at Chang'an by loyal troops placed in impregnable defensive positions in the intervening mountain passes, until Yang Guozhong, in a grossly inept military judgment, ordered the troops in the passes to attack An's army on open ground. The Tang dynasty began with the victorious WebAn Lushan Rebellion, Rebellion beginning in 755 in China led by An Lushan (703757), a general of non-Chinese origin. Roberts. In 750 he was honored with the title of Prince, and in 751 he was made the military governor of Hotung. WebThe long and short is no: the An Lushan Rebellion did not kill a major percentage of the Earth's population. Li Linfu, who was at this point apprehensive of Wang as a potential rival, used this as one of the reasons to indict Wang, and Wang was, later in 747, removed from his post. An Lushan Rebellion; Map of military movements during the An Lushan Rebellion: Date: 16 December 755 17 February 763 (7 years, 2 months and 1 day) Location: Northern China. WebScholars estimate that his military campaigns caused the deaths of 17 million people, amounting to about 5% of the world population, leading to a predominantly barbaric legacy. [36], In winter 755, An launched his rebellion on 16 December,[38] claiming he had received a secret edict from Emperor Xuanzong to advance on Chang'an to remove Yang. The Tang Dynasty (618-907) represented one of the greatest periods of Chinese history. This allowed An Lushan to amass significant military power in northeast China. Eventually, after decades of war, in 263 the Shu was conquered by the Wei. An subsequently submitted a petition on their behalf, claiming that the accusations from Yang Guozhong were false, but Emperor Xuanzong took no actions against either An or Yang Guozhong.[36]. When the Li Linfu died in 752, An came into conflict with Li's replacement, Yang Guozhong, who was Yang Guifeis cousin, possibly because An Lushan himself had hoped to be appointed to the post of High Chancellor. Here are our sources: The Punic Wars, Nigel Bagnall, St. Martins Press, 2005, A Companion to the Punic Wars, B.D. The veracity of this statistic was put to historians Frances Wood, Naomi Standen, and Hilde de Weerdt, and while they do explain why it's wrong, I should note that their first response is to treat the statistic as (rightly) laughable. [32], In 744, with further praises from the powerful chancellor Li Linfu and Pei Kuan, An was, in addition to Pinglu, made the military governor of Fanyang Circuit (, headquartered in modern Beijing). The Revolt of An Lushan. His actions led to two princesses of the royal clan, who were married to Khitan and Xi leaders as part of the heqin policy, being executed in retaliation,[33] and both groups rebelled in 745, though An defeated them. By the spring of 763 the Yan were defeated and driven from the capital;. WebThe Taiping Rebellion was a major civil war in China during the mid 19th century. 33,500+. Selected Death Tolls for Wars, Massacres and Atrocities Before the 20th Century, Chinese History - Political History of the Tang Dynasty, https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=An_Lushan&oldid=1054297, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. [16] Meanwhile, Yan Zhenqing's cousin Yan Gaoqing (), who initially submitted to An, rose against An at Changshan Commandery (, roughly modern Baoding, Hebei) but was quickly defeated and delivered to An in Luoyang; An executed him and sent An Qingxu to make an initial attack against Tong Pass, and Geshu Han repelled the attack. Seeking to take advantage of the element of surprise, An Lushans forces sought to hurriedly consolidate the north and invade the south. On the way, at a small village, Mawei Station, prompted by general Chen Xuanli who believed that Yang Guozhong had provoked this rebellion, the imperial guards assassinated Yang Guozhong, and demanded the death of Yang Guifei, to which the Emperor reluctantly consented. Capturing Nanjing on March 19, 1853, Hong declared the city the Heavenly Capital of his new domain. The Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. You must log in or register to reply here. Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns. WebAn Lushan (; c. 703 757) was a SogdianGktrk jiedushi of the Tang dynasty who unleashed a devastating civil war during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong. Thereafter, whenever An visited the capital, he was allowed free admittance to the palace, and there were rumors that he and Consort Yang had an affair, but Emperor Xuanzong discounted the rumors. After the death of Li Linfu, his rivalry with General Geshu Han and Chancellor Yang Guozhong created military tensions within the empire. However, carrying the honorary title of deputy chief imperial censor () at this point, he was respectful of his colleague Wang Hong (), an associate of Li Linfu's, although initially not Li Linfuand therefore, on one occasion, Li Linfu intentionally summoned Wang Hong in An's presence, and when Wang Hong arrived, he was paying Li Linfu great respect, causing An to be surprised and apprehensive, and thereafter An carefully cultivated his relationship with Li Linfu as well. They were demolished, and the road to the capital now lay open. Due to the slowness of the Yan advance, the Yan forces were unable to capture either Emperor Xuanzong, who eventually reached Shu Commandery, or Li Heng, who fled to Lingwu and took the Tang imperial title there (as Emperor Suzong). The An Shi Rebellion is regarded by most Chinese historians as the turning point in the Tang Dynasty's fortunes. Italy. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The Revolt of An Lushan. The family name An implied that he was from the city of Bukhara in Sogdiana, and Rokhan in the Sogdian language meant "light." Wikimedia Commons. Although it is difficult to This is an idea that has been pushed by Stephen Pinker, who is not Which is 36 million deaths but I can't find a figure for global population of Earth at the time. "Ah Lushan Dengzahu De Neiya Wenhua Beijing" ("The Cultural Background on An Lushan, etc in Inner Asia With the Discussion on the Inner Asia-ized of Sute or Sogdian"). The Taiping, swarmed throughout the imperial provinces, capturing vast swathes of territory from the Qing. for controlling the Khitan and Xi and surrounding area. The imperial forces were helped by internal dissent in the newly-formed Yan dynasty. WebWeird History: An Lushan Rebellion. The death toll is difficult to estimate, but An Lushan does not seem to have taken many prisoners. External links and references The blow that mortally weakened Tang was the Huang Chao rebellion, which raged for a full decade from 874 to 884. At a time that was not recorded in history, he married a Lady Kang as his first wife, and she bore him at least one son, An Qingxu, who, however, was not his oldest son. Jump The Taiping Rebellion was a Chinese civil war that raged from 1850 to 1864, fought between the Qing dynasty and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. WebDeath Toll: 20 million An Lushan Rebellion 755 to 763 This is another Chinese rebellion. Meanwhile, Yang Guozhong viewed the official Wei Zhi () as a threat and accused Wei of corruption. Establishing the new capital of Mexico City on the ruins of Tenochtitlan, in 1522 Holy Roman Emperor Charles V proclaimed Corts captain-general of New Spain as a reward for his services and genocide. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a major societal disturbance and turmoil which took place in China during the Tang Dynasty from December 16, 755 to February 17, 763 (although the effects lasted past this), beginning when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty.This event is also known The An Lushan Rebellion refers to a massive war that occurred in China on 16 December 755 AD. Emperor Xuanzong commissioned the general Feng Changqing as military governor of Fanyang and Pinglu, intending to have him replace An after An's rebellion was defeated. He later settled in Ying Prefecture (, roughly modern Chaoyang, Liaoning). According to army regulations, he was supposed to be executed. The An Lushan Rebellion. The An Lushan Rebellion spanned from 16 December 755 to 17 February 763. This rebellion involved the death of some 1336 million people, making it one of the deadliest wars in history. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. An reported this to Emperor Xuanzong, who ordered a retesting before him personally. Then, after taking the throne, An Qingxu reported that An Lushan had died. An Lushan next set out to take the Tang capital and the rest of southern China before the Tang forces could recover. Teatime History is your one stop destination for a better understanding of human history. He retained Gao Shang (), Yan Zhuang (), Zhang Tongru (), and Sun Xiaozhe () as his strategists; and Shi Siming, An Shouzhong (), Li Guiren (), Cai Xide (), Niu Tingjie (), Xiang Runrong (), Li Tingwang (), Cui Qianyou (), Yin Ziqi (), He Qiannian (), Wu Lingxun (), Neng Yuanhao (), Tian Chengsi, Tian Qianzhen (), and Ashina Chengqing () as his generals. WebGREAT TANG POETS: DU FU (721-770)China during Du Fu's Time:The An Lushan Rebellion. WebIts death toll is estimated to be between 5% and one-sixth of the world's total population at the time. This was an ethnic based war, which was done with religious underpinnings and it also took place during the earliest 19th century in China. Xuanzong, the Tang emperor also known as Ming Huan (enlghtened emperor), reigned from 713-756 and was patron to Wang Wei, Li Bo, and Du Fu. Early in Emperor Xuanzong of Tang's Kaiyuan era, 713741, there was a disturbance among the Gktrk tribe that An Yanyan belonged to, and An Lushan fled to Tang with An Yanyan and An Yanyan's nephew, An Sishun. The An Lushan Rebellion spanned from 16 December 755 to 17 February 763. Repr. Came for this. The An Lushan rebellion lasted for eight years and devastated the Tang empire. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. One of Suzong's first acts as emperor was to appoint the generals Guo Ziyi and Li Guangbi to deal with the rebellion. He responded, "Other than a faithful heart, there is nothing else." fubing (garrison soldiery) system of soldier-cultivators, in which soldiers east provinces and lost 25 to 30 percent of the tax base. External links and references The Spanish-Aztec War of 1519-1521 was the first conquest by the Spanish Empire of a major pre-Columbian American civilization, setting in motion the European colonization of the Americas. Xuanzong, the Tang emperor also known as Ming Huan (enlghtened emperor), reigned from 713-756 and was patron to Wang Wei, Li Bo, and Du Fu. The two teams divided again into vast forces, and called themselves the Allies and the Axis. (Xuanzong recognized Li Heng's actions and subsequently took the title Taishang Huang (retired emperor).) Not to downplay the tragedy here, but we should probably just take any numbers in a figurative sense, even if they were meant to be literal by the somewhat unreliable authors. ; In addition to natural By 763, internal strife and renewed Tang offensives ended the rebellion. Pretty much anything involving "worlds deadliest" will have taken place in China. An Lushan had a highly-trusted Khitan eunuch named Li Zhu'er (). Chinese territory increased enormously and the An Lushan Rebellion. sleeperul. An Qingxu was then killed by a subordinate, general Shi Siming, who soon afterwards recaptured the city of Luoyang. The Emperor also sent Feng to the eastern capital, Luoyang, to build up the defense there; another general, Gao Xianzhi, was ordered to command a secondary defense at Shan Commandery (, roughly modern Sanmenxia, Henan). In July 756 An Lushan and his rebel forces captured Chang'an, an event that had a devastating effect upon this thriving metropolis. Yang Guozhong made repeated accusation against An to Emperor Xuanzong that he was plotting a rebellion, but the accusation were dismissed by Emperor Xuanzong. Led by General An Lushan, the The An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China. What would come would devastate China, and millions would perish in its wake, resulting in one of the most brutal and cataclysmic rebellions on human history. The power of the jiedushi, or provincial military governors, increased greatly after imperial troops crushed the rebels, taking administrative power away from the scholar-officials. You are using an out of date browser. WebPemberontakan ini juga dikenal sebagai Pemberontakan Tianbao (). 343 BC290 BC. in: Sun, Jinji et al. Initial stage In the spring of 755, matters were beginning to The Ming-Qing transition, also known as the Manchu conquest of China, was a sustained period of conflict between the Qing dynasty of Northeastern China and the Ming dynasty of Southern China. The name An Lushan is the Sinicized version of the name An Rokhan. However, in his efforts to solidify his fledgling regime Zicheng sought to purge the military ranks of Ming loyalists. However, the battle for eastern China went badly for An Lushan; although his army was large, it was unable to take control of the Suiyang District from the Tang defenders. Pemberontakan ini terjadi dari 16 Desember 755 hingga 17 Februari 763, dan jumlah kematian mencapai 36 juta, menjadikannya jumlah kematian akibat perang terbesar hingga Perang Dunia II . An Lushan Rebellion. This rebellion involved the death of some 1336 million people,[37] making it one of the deadliest wars in history. [32], According to the Song Dynasty historian Sima Guang, it was said that An was attempting to increase his own strength and planning a rebellion, and in 747, he claimed to be building Fort Xiongwu () and asked fellow military governor Wang Zhongsi to contribute troops, hoping to hold onto the troops that Wang would send and not return them. Forced to flee after some of his men attacked and killed much of the Aztec nobility in the Massacre in the Great Temple, Corts would return in 1521 to complete his conquest. Generals Guo Ziyi and Li Guangbi to deal with the goal of subjugating the native populations its. Technologies to provide you with a better experience Chinese history after the death toll is estimated to be 5! Xuanzong allowed him to award his soldiers with high ranks without first receiving imperial approval a... Eighteenth son, and in 751 he was honored with the title Prince. 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