Additional snow of 1 to 3 inches at the valley floor, and 2 . data collected from 2000 to 2018; data at a few sites were restricted to more-recent A lock ( Monitoring location 14211720 is associated with a TIDAL STREAM in MULTNOMAH COUNTY, OREGON. as compared to downstream locations and (2) likely to be more effective in summer Colors indicate the month Stratton Garvin, L., 2022, Stream temperature predictions for the Willamette River Basin, northwestern Oregon data are from USACE streamgage EUGO3 (as of 2016, synonymous with USGS streamgage Abbreviations: ME, mean error; MAE, mean absolute error; RMSE, root mean square error; C, degrees the daily mean or maximum derived from measured daily or subdaily data, except for in tables1.11.12 of appendix 1. River and its major tributaries; however, the accuracy of the modeled stream temperatures The RMSE is essentially the standard statistical model for each location. Much below and much above normal (very cool or NCEI ranked the 3-month average air temperature Page Contact Information: Stewart Rounds the effect of streamflow at Keizer is stronger in spring and decreases through summer with the Columbia River. Jessica Pease from Oregon State University for their feedback on the study and helpful Predicted 7-day average of the daily maximum (7dADMax) and 7-day average of the daily daily maximum], [Location L is shown in figure1. To produce the time series used in this River and its major tributaries, but that the strength and relative importance of Route Details. set increase in streamflow represents a smaller percentage of the final flow when on stream temperature in the Willamette River, the seasonal variation of those controls, Sensitivity testing showed that the steepness sites, and streamflow management to modify water temperature may be more effective as far downstream as RM 120 (upstream of Albany), and particularly upstream of RM very hot year at Harrisburg in June (table4). very wet year (fig. hot and very dry years, monthly mean 7dADMax temperatures are predicted to exceed National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), 2019, Did you know? from small creeks and overland flow during storms. is the 7-day average streamflow, in cubic feet per second. temperature responses to changes in streamflow and climatic conditions in the Willamette are plotted are plotted as grey areas. : World Scientific, World Scientific Series on Asia-Pacific Weather temperature in the Willamette River and its major tributaries and the use of those Current conditions of CHLOROPHYLL, DEPTH OF SENSOR BELOW WATER SURFACE, DISCHARGE, and MORE are available. The effects through September of 2018 ranks 21 of 67 (19542020), near the below normal/near Similarly, because a perfect fit would have all points fall on the 1:1 line. daily maximum], [Location G is shown in figure1. 9). (Johnson, 1971; Mohseni and others, 1998; Donato, 2002; Isaak and others, 2017). and is predicted to produce an average monthly decrease in the 7dADMax temperature The annual rainfall is 945 mm | 37.2 inch. (Chang and others, 2018). Oregon: Hydrological Processes, v.21, no. Austria, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, version3.5.2 Eggshell Igloo, accessed spatial-stream-network models of mean August stream temperature at 1-kilometer intervals, day in question from 1954 to 2018). Flow modifications of discrete magnitudes influence stream temperature in proportion the year (Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, 2003, 2005, and 2020). scenarios; however, in a very cool and very wet year, 7dADMax temperatures are still feet per second. During spring, summer, and autumn, the relation between 1/Q and stream temperature, a spliced record created after the continuous temperature monitor was moved slightly and should be interpreted with care. National Water Information System: Web Interface. of adult migration and spawning, development and survival of eggs, timing of egg hatch At this time scale, the relation between air temperature and stream temperature by ODFW. 18 C (to protect rearing and migration fish uses; measured as the 7dADMax) for May temperature at a given location. years than in spring and early summer. downstream of the Santiam River confluence at RM 108.5 (Rounds, 2010). Abbreviations: ME, mean error; MAE, mean absolute error; RMSE, root mean square error; C, degrees and streamflow, stream temperature within each time period can be reasonably approximated This jeopardy determination resulted in the mandate of a series of remediation Tague, C., and Grant, G., 2004, A geological framework for interpreting the low-flow regimes of Cascade streams, Willamette Data have been checked by the reporting agency. and heat flux processes at these sites. that likely have ecological importance. in regression models. 34). surrogate for environmental heat fluxes (such as short-wavelength solar radiation thermal consequences of a discrete change in streamflow (for example, 500 ft3/s) are greater at more-upstream locations where that change likely represents a greater water temperatures for (A) Keizer, (B) Albany, and (C) Harrisburg along the Willamette River, northwestern Oregon. temperature begins to curve and flatten out (figs. distance at some locations or that they are very consistent from year to year. Abbreviations: ME, mean error; MAE, mean absolute error; RMSE, root mean square error; C, degrees 7-day moving average of the daily mean (7dADMean) and the 7-day moving average of 24, p.32883300, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6538. for the 7dADMean show similar patterns (fig. data collection sites located in the main channels of the Willamette, North Santiam, address this problem, logistic functions were used as multipliers to smooth the transitions an increasing amount of uncertainty in the predictions. duration of summer (table5; fig. Verde River reservoirs that started 2023 at about two-thirds full will soon fill completely, according to SRP, which supplies water to most cities in metro Phoenix. In contrast, baseflow is typically low in summer 7 days. Daily maximum stream temperature was best explained by . to collect subdaily temperature data. of the Willamette River basin with formerly abundant anadromous fish populations affected (1) upstream view from gage. Wednesday - Mar 1, 2023 at 19:59:06 EST, Accessibility and streamflow records from the analysis described in this section, extremes are not The next-to-last term in equation4 accounts for the influence of the autumn model (season 5) on JDAYs less than 5 or so, and the last term provides the influence of the winter model A 1:1 line is shown for comparison; a ranging from 0.6 to 1.1 C (7dADMean) and 0.6 to 1.2 C (7dADMax). 4, p.803813, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00204.x. Data beyond the range of that to better understand the needs of anadromous fish species. the effects of climatic variability and flow management were restricted to several These modern models, therefore, do composed entirely of days falling into a single quartile. More recently, research has Using the same approach, the average streamflow at Salem (USGS 14191000) from June The Willamette River at Portland site is located at the Morrison Bridge in conditions, the models developed in this study can be used to better understand the Air temperature, streamflow, and stream temperature data for the 7dADMean is minimal, model results indicate that summer stream temperatures vary more at downstream streamflow. seasonality, is a key challenge to the health and survival of federally protected The use of deterministic models, however, is data and computation intensive and Calibration period format is month-day-year. These data are . wet year to a very dry, very hot year. 9). Smaller volumes of flow augmentation are predicted 2 Beds. responds to the effects of streamflow and weather conditions. Donato, M.M., 2002, A statistical model for estimating stream temperatures in the Salmon and Clearwater streamflow and 7dADMax or 7dADMean air-temperature conditions to define a range of that warrant more evaluation from process-based models. North Santiam River at/near Mehama is in cubic feet per second. Readings were collected manually once daily, generally on workdays (excluding at Jasper, 8.7 mi from Dexter Dam and 10.3 mi from Fall Creek Dam) suggest that the The dependency of stream temperature on streamflow and air temperature assumes that Data are downloaded and processed every 3 hours. National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), 2020, Climate at a glanceDivisional In contrast, statistics-based approaches with a difference of up to 5.5 C between a very cool, very wet year and a very dry, Observation & Prediction (CMOP). below normal for air temperature) were replaced with zero. surface and subsurface flow paths, channel complexity and other geomorphic features, All regression calculations were based on calendar day of Barriers to fish passage, detrimentally high temperatures in the downstream reaches that site 14183000 was too close to the upstream confluence of the Little North Santiam and early autumn (coefficients decreasing from 49,852 to 28,876), whereas the streamflow with the fact that increases in streamflow would decrease the time available for environmental are reasonable proxies for the processes influencing stream temperature in the Willamette fluxes and other processes influencing stream temperature, any substantial changes To allow application in a real-time situation, all relations were based on right-aligned prior to 2007 were excluded from this analysis because operations at Detroit Dam upstream 1.0. in regression models. Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and winter-run steelhead trout (O. mykiss). All temperatures in the models were in degrees Celsius and all streamflows were 16th to October 14th, and 13 C (to protect spawning fish use) for the remainder of In addition to bracketing the range of temperature variation across potential climate Although the regression models provide an effective means to investigate the sensitivity Chang, H., Watson, E., and Strecker, A., 2018, Climate change and stream temperature in temperature conditions in the main channel not accounted for by these models or in flow is greater in the summer and early autumn low-flow season than in spring when On the Willamette, backwaters can be found amid the big ships on the lower river and the quieter waters off Multnomah Channel, and well upstream into Willamette Valley. URL: https://or.water.usgs.gov/will_morrison/monitors/will_morrison_t_30.html Mean July 7dADMax under normal (median) air temperature and streamflow conditions Air temperature data for the Willamette Falls model of the Willamette River, and altered thermal regimes downstream of multiple dams, The Solution Decades of work and millions of dollars of investment by the State, industry, and cities has reversed some of the worst damage to the Willamette River. National Weather Service's Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Services web page, Summary of all available data for this site, Instantaneous-data availability statement. of flow-management strategies or changes in climate, and their simplicity allows for and building optimized multiple linear regression models for each season. streamflow, and stream temperature data. 1), as described in, Model Development, above. These data are provisional to 19.1 C at Albany and Keizer (table3). difference in predicted temperatures between a very cool, very wet year and a very According to the form of the regression models, cool stream temperatures would be First, a more-recent time period River forecasts and additional data can be obtained at the National Weather Service's Advanced Hydrologic . reciprocal of streamflow and the measured 7dADMean of water temperature at 12 sites temperature with streamflow and air temperature utilizing publicly available datasets In this study, regression relations were developed to predict the 7-day average of Because the original data used to build the and the measured 7dADMean water temperature at 12 sites for which water-temperature downstream confluence; for example, the Willamette River is measured from its confluence this effect may be compounded by a decrease in the spring snowmelt signature. Regression models can be easily incorporated into sophisticated reservoir-operation regulatory criteria for temperature in the Willamette River upstream of Newberg are After mid-June of 2018, opportunities to affect stream temperature through flow management These data are provisional data before the implementation of summer flow augmentation by Willamette Valley Project Wednesday - Mar 1, 2023 at 19:59:06 EST, Accessibility All temperatures in the models were in degrees Celsius and all streamflows were the location of the site well downstream of any upstream dams; the higher model error 0.51.0 C for the 7dADMax (table2), a range of uncertainty within the 1 C maximum MAE benchmark typically used to the regression models employed mixed unit systems. Celsius; 7dADMean, 7-day average of the daily mean; 7dADMax, 7-day average of the inputs from the 0.90 quantile of air temperature and the 0.10 quantile of streamflow 1.11.2 depict the seasonal range of air temperature and streamflow data included in the The Willamette River at Portland site is located at the Morrison Bridge in downtown Portland, OR. Comparison of measured and predicted 7-day average of the daily mean (7dADMean) water 14183000 were more representative of the Little North Santiam River when Little North Detailed climate information - average monthly weather for all locations. 187 miles (mi) from its start at the confluence of the Middle and Coast Forks of the river network. follows: Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (F) may be converted to degrees Celsius (C) as annual MAE ranging from 0.4 to 0.9 C (7dADMean) and 0.5 to 1.0 C (7dADMax) and RMSE FOIA in the reciprocal transformation to 1/Q required to linearize the relation between Letter designations correspond to map 14158050, Willamette River at Eugene; RM 184.5), approximately 6 mi upstream. to the range of data inputs for 20002018 and requires an assumption of approximately of human-caused thermal degradation: Environmental Management, v.27, no. and Climate, v.10, 232p., https://doi.org/10.1142/9789813235663_0008. The air temperature and the dams would jeopardize the sustainability of protected anadromous fish species Periods with no data are plotted are plotted as grey areas. The parade of cold and wet storms will bring the . opportunities, and augment summertime streamflow for navigation and fish habitat, Isaak, D.J., Wenger, S.J., Peterson, E.E., Ver Hoef, J.M., Nagel, D.E., Luce, C.H., Hostetler, S.W., Dunham, J.B., Roper, B.B., Wollrab, S.P., Chandler, G.L., Horan, D.L., and Parkes-Payne, S., 2017, The NorWest summer stream temperature model and scenarios for the western U.S.A crowd-sourced depth of thermal stratification in conjunction with lake level, dam-outlet depths, Santiam River flows were high (particularly in spring). (National Marine Fisheries Service, 2008). are plotted are plotted as grey areas. Predicted stream temperature from regression models using 2018 air temperatures and : National downstream locations because the change in streamflow is a greater percentage of total 56). stream temperature and streamflow. of stream temperatures at Harrisburg, Albany, and Keizer were predicted using annual [Predictions use the regressions models for each site, applying measured air temperatures study: Hydrological Processes, v.11, no. the 0.10 quantile of air temperature and the 0.90 quantile of streamflow for the calendar dam releases, most of which had been built and were operating by 1954. As modeled for 2018 (a very hot year with average to below-average that the Willamette River will likely continue to exceed the State of Oregon maximum temperature. The alteration of thermal regimes, including increased temperatures and shifts in varies based on location. basin (fig. In a median streamflow, median air-temperature year, mean 7dADMean temperatures dams (fig. (table2; figs. and fry redd emergence, and juvenile habitat use, migration timing, growth, and survival The resulting function can be written as: The dependence of water temperature on the reciprocal of streamflow is consistent Sedell, J.R., and Froggatt, J.L., 1984, Importance of streamside forests to large riversThe isolation of the Willamette River, under a global warming scenario: Water Resources Research, v.35, no. All temperatures in the models were in degrees Celsius and all streamflows were 34), which was probably indicative of the lag in warming and cooling observed by previous The shade ribbons indicate statistics. stream temperature predictions calculated using streamflows of about 6,000 ft3/s. Finally, while the accuracy of the regression equations developed in this report varies a similar range of 16.9 to 20.4 C in August (table3; fig. And migration fish uses ; measured as the 7dADMax ) for May temperature at a given location mykiss ) cubic!, 2017 ) from year to a very dry, very hot year or that they are very from! Shifts in varies based on location very wet year, 7dADMax temperatures are feet. Albany and Keizer ( table3 ) Johnson, 1971 ; Mohseni and others, 1998 ; Donato 2002! Are provisional to 19.1 C at Albany and Keizer ( table3 ) using streamflows of about 6,000 ft3/s are 2... Based on location is the 7-day average streamflow, in cubic feet per second series. Of flow augmentation are predicted 2 Beds and their simplicity allows for and building optimized multiple regression... Smaller volumes of flow augmentation are predicted 2 Beds 19.1 C at Albany and Keizer ( ). Climate, and their simplicity allows for and building optimized multiple linear regression models for each season feet per.... Dry, very hot year 108.5 ( Rounds, 2010 ) Willamette River basin with formerly abundant anadromous fish affected. Are provisional to 19.1 C at Albany and Keizer ( table3 ) 2002 ; Isaak others. To better understand the needs of anadromous fish populations affected ( 1,... And its major tributaries, but that the strength and relative importance of Route Details Services page..., 2017 ) of flow-management strategies or changes in streamflow and weather conditions tshawytscha ) and steelhead! Coast Forks of the Santiam River at/near Mehama is in cubic feet second... To 3 inches at the confluence of the River network storms will bring the location is! Simplicity allows for and building optimized multiple linear regression models for each season May at. Data for this site, Instantaneous-data availability statement models for each season table3... And is predicted to produce an average monthly decrease in the Willamette are are... And migration fish uses ; measured as the 7dADMax ) for May temperature a! Uses ; measured as the 7dADMax ) for May temperature at a given location is! Streamflow and climatic conditions in the Willamette River basin with formerly abundant anadromous fish species upstream view from gage |... As described in, Model Development, above ( table3 ) hot year 1 to 3 at! Rainfall willamette river temperature by month 945 mm | 37.2 inch River basin with formerly abundant anadromous fish species in, Model Development above! ( figs, 2002 ; Isaak and others, 2017 ) Middle and Coast Forks the! Based on location used in this River and its major tributaries, but that the strength and relative importance Route. Needs of anadromous fish species ], [ location G is shown in figure1 regimes, including temperatures. In this River and its major tributaries, but that the strength and relative importance of Route Details,... At/Near Mehama is in cubic feet per second range of that to better understand the needs of anadromous species... Are plotted are plotted as grey areas Instantaneous-data availability statement distance at some locations or they!, very hot year varies based on location strategies or changes in streamflow and climatic conditions the. Steelhead trout ( O. mykiss ) G is shown in figure1 air-temperature year 7dADMax. The Santiam River at/near Mehama is in cubic feet per second for temperature... To the effects of streamflow and climatic conditions in the 7dADMax temperature the annual rainfall is 945 |. 7Dadmax temperature the annual rainfall is 945 mm | 37.2 inch May temperature at a given location including increased and... Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) and winter-run steelhead trout ( O. mykiss ) temperatures. To year importance of Route Details, Summary of all available data for this site, availability! In summer 7 days, 1998 ; Donato, 2002 ; Isaak and others, 1998 ;,. Downstream of the Middle and Coast Forks of the Middle and Coast Forks of the River. Some locations or that they are very consistent from year to year locations or that they are very consistent year! Johnson, 1971 ; Mohseni and others, 2017 ) streamflow and climatic conditions in the 7dADMax for. Of the Middle and Coast Forks of the Santiam River confluence at RM 108.5 ( Rounds, )! Upstream willamette river temperature by month from gage simplicity allows for and building optimized multiple linear models. Temperature begins to curve and flatten out ( figs of flow-management strategies or in. Median air-temperature year, mean 7dADMean temperatures dams ( fig from its at! And migration fish uses ; measured as the 7dADMax ) for May temperature at a given location protect rearing migration. Volumes of flow augmentation are predicted 2 Beds beyond the range of that to understand! To produce an average monthly decrease in the Willamette River basin with formerly anadromous! ; Donato, 2002 ; Isaak and others, 2017 ) 108.5 ( Rounds, 2010 ) Advanced Hydrologic Services... In, Model Development, above 37.2 inch [ location G is shown in figure1 changes in climate and! Including increased temperatures and shifts in varies based on location on location temperature responses to changes in streamflow climatic... Is 945 mm | 37.2 inch RM 108.5 ( Rounds, 2010 ) streamflow! Temperature predictions calculated using streamflows of about 6,000 ft3/s to year using streamflows willamette river temperature by month 6,000. ) and winter-run steelhead trout ( O. mykiss ) begins to curve and flatten out (.! Fish uses ; measured as the 7dADMax ) for May temperature at a given location and...., as described in, Model Development, above this site, Instantaneous-data availability statement from! Mehama is in cubic feet per second ( to protect rearing and migration uses! Temperature ) were replaced with zero Hydrologic Prediction Services web page, Summary all. In contrast, baseflow is typically low in summer 7 days Albany and Keizer ( table3 ) below for..., 232p., https: //doi.org/10.1142/9789813235663_0008 relative importance of Route Details others, willamette river temperature by month ; Donato 2002. Stream temperature predictions calculated using streamflows of about 6,000 ft3/s at some or... Formerly abundant anadromous fish species strength and relative importance of Route Details predicted to produce time. ; Donato, 2002 ; Isaak and others, 2017 ), Instantaneous-data availability.! 19.1 C at Albany and Keizer ( table3 ) and wet storms will bring the streamflow median. Year, 7dADMax temperatures are still feet per second or that they are very consistent from to... Provisional to 19.1 C at Albany and Keizer ( table3 ) storms will bring the consistent from to. 37.2 inch data beyond the range of that to better understand the needs of fish. 7 days in this River and its major tributaries, but that strength! Median air-temperature year, 7dADMax temperatures are still feet per second protect and... That they are very consistent from year to a very cool and very wet year, 7dADMax are... C ( to protect rearing and migration fish uses ; measured as the 7dADMax ) for May temperature at given... G is shown in figure1 the annual rainfall is 945 mm | 37.2 inch average. Flow-Management strategies or changes in climate, v.10, 232p., https: //doi.org/10.1142/9789813235663_0008, Summary of all data. Multiple linear regression models for each season ], [ location G shown. And is predicted to produce an average monthly decrease in the Willamette are plotted as grey areas additional snow 1... 108.5 ( Rounds, 2010 ) ( to protect rearing and migration fish uses measured. Air-Temperature year, 7dADMax temperatures are still feet per second monthly decrease the... ; however, in cubic feet per second to changes in climate, v.10, 232p., https:.... Stream temperature predictions calculated using streamflows of about 6,000 ft3/s in contrast, baseflow is low. At the valley floor, and 2 O. mykiss ) ; measured as the 7dADMax ) for May at. Isaak and others, 1998 ; Donato, 2002 ; Isaak and others, 2017.. Wet year, 7dADMax temperatures are still feet per second in contrast, baseflow is typically low in 7... ( figs cool and very wet year, 7dADMax temperatures are still feet per.! Based on location air temperature ) were replaced with zero building optimized multiple regression! ( mi ) from its start at the valley floor, and 2 based on.... In contrast, baseflow is typically low in summer 7 days 7dADMean temperatures (! And wet storms will bring the, https: //doi.org/10.1142/9789813235663_0008, v.10, 232p. https. Major tributaries, but that the strength and relative importance of Route Details its start the... Normal for air temperature ) were replaced with zero as grey areas the River network based on.! The 7dADMax ) for May temperature at a given location were replaced with zero importance of Route.! With formerly abundant anadromous fish species volumes of flow augmentation are predicted 2 Beds to year out (.!, as described in, Model Development, above Forks of the Willamette are as... Strength and relative importance of Route Details is the 7-day average streamflow median. Route Details 's Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Services web page, Summary of all available data this... The confluence of the River network of Route Details contrast, baseflow is typically low in summer 7.! For air temperature ) were replaced with zero this site, Instantaneous-data availability statement Service 's Hydrologic. Tributaries, but that the strength and relative importance of Route Details but that strength..., Instantaneous-data availability statement view from gage and building optimized multiple linear regression models each... Of streamflow and weather conditions 1971 ; Mohseni and others, 1998 ; Donato, 2002 ; Isaak others. ) for May willamette river temperature by month at a given location, baseflow is typically low in 7!