The China . There are periodic reports of arrests under the copyright law, which carries possible prison terms for both uploading and downloading content without the permission of the copyright owner (see C2). Following her death, the Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications announced her intention to amend the Provider Liability Limitation Law (see C4).5 Otherwise, individuals or police ask ISPs to administratively delete contested or illegal content. It is unclear whether and to what extent domestic users have been caught up in the program. Increasing smartphone use has made the mobile market more competitive and resulted in improved pricing options, although the cost of service can otherwise be quite high. In 2007, the MIC ordered mobile service providers to install filtering software that would enable parents to control the content seen by their children. Authorities have used the law to convict the operators of manga piracy site Mangamura (see C2 and C3). For example, the Jiminto (LDP) Net Supporters Club (J-NSC), organized in 2010, had about 19,000 members as of 2017. LINE reported that 80 percent of the global law enforcement requests for user data that it received between July and December 2020 came from Japanese entities. For ISPs to block particular websites, they must monitor their customers' online activity to determine whether they are accessing the sites in question, which could violate the constitutional right to secrecy of communications.1 : spring pictures) that are banned in present-day Japan and were printed and published in the USA. In one significant cyberattack against civil society organizations, at least 33 antinuclear citizens groups were targeted in 2013.5 Under the law, all online dating services must register with the police, verify their customers ages with a drivers license or credit card, and delete or block content that appears to involve someone under 18; most services voluntarily monitor messages in real time to ensure compliance. Some observers said this was an attempt to control public discourse, though deletions were not widespread. Glad to see Japanese publishers standing up to Western companies. Article 1. 22 of 2021 on Environmental Protection and Management ("GR No.22/2021"). Specifically, the government will consolidate personal information among local government and central government servers, and will link personal data to individuals unique 12-digit numbers.9, During the drafting process, it became clear that the government's priority was to effectively manage internet users information rather than to protect personal data.10 Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/revuwuPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/RevsaysdesuTwitter: ht. Does the government place restrictions on anonymous communication or encryption? (Kotaku also says that Japanese porn is painstakingly censored by hand, earning the highly skilled laborers $15 per hour.) In June 2018, police announced that they arrested 16 website operators for allegedly using a service called Coinhive to mine cryptocurrencies via visitors computers without their consent.4 On February 2, 2021, the Indonesian Government enacted the implementing regulation of the Omnibus Law (Law No.11 of 2020 on Job Creation) regarding the environmental sector, Government Regulation No. Sagamihara City is also planning to enact a criminal ordinance that would target hate speech against members of specific ethnic or racial groups in 2021.18 The man who later confessed to the stabbing allegedly harassed Okamoto online; in November 2019, he received an 18-year prison sentence.8. The government has also invested heavily in Wi-Fi networks in preparation for the 2020 Summer Olympics, which were postponed and held in August 2021.5 Access to the internet remains relatively equal across different segments of the population. Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) Docomo, KDDI, and SoftBank all launched commercial fifth-generation (5G) services in March 2020.3 Article 2. Messaging apps, such as WhatsApp and Viber, are often. The society at large prefers harmony, and people avoid criticizing the role of Japans emperor, especially when connected with historical events like World War II. The NTT group remains dominant in practice, though hundreds of other providers offer services including fiber-optic connections and fixed-line or wireless broadband access.1 In a 2017 report, the United Nations (UNs) special rapporteur on freedom of expression noted that there were significant worrying signals regarding self-censorship among journalists on issues such as the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster.1 In addition, some online news outlets struggle to sustain themselves financially. In May 2021, the Diet enacted the Digital Reform Bill, which streamlines how officials in Japan handle and share data and revises how personal data is protected under the law. In May 2019, it was revealed that the national government and Fukushima Prefecture paid over 24 billion ($217 million) to an advertising agency to manage public relations, including in online outlets, after the disaster.6. NTT, formerly a state monopoly, was privatized in 1985 and reorganized in 1999 under a law promoting functional separation between the companys mobile, fixed-line telephone, and internet services.5 Despite promises that the program will not target phones and personal computers, critics have expressed privacy concerns (see C5). YouTubers and Instagram personalities have also become increasingly influential in recent years. During Diet sessions, when questions were raised as to whether the Ministry of Defense and the Cabinet Intelligence and Research Office were intercepting phone calls and e-mails, the government declined to answer.12. Mori resigned a week after the petition was created (see B8). For this article, we consider these bodies to be government entities. The law obliges agents to notify targets of wiretaps after investigations are concluded and inform the Diet about the number they implement annually. In February 2021, protests erupted against then chairman of the Tokyo Organizing Committee for the Olympic and Paralympic Games, Yoshiro Mori, after he said "board meetings involving many women are lengthy and that women on the organizing committee all [knew] their place. Protestors, particularly women, used the hashtags #WomenWhoRefuseToKnowTheirPlace and #DontBeSilent in a show of solidarity and in defiance of sexism. Political bots have also permeated the Japanese internet. Kisha clubs and an advertising market that favors established players may be preventing digital media from gaining a stronger foothold in the market. The Act on Prevention of Improper Use of Mobile Phones (2005) requires mobile voice communication carriers to verify the identity of subscribers when a contract was terminated or transferred, in order to prevent a situation in which cell phone subscribers cannot be identified. The MIC requested that four industry associations monitor false or unsubstantiated content circulating about the disaster online. In other words, even after the new law goes into effect, a . The Emperor shall be the symbol of the State and of the unity of the People, deriving his position from the will of the people with whom resides sovereign power. The information collected is reportedly stored for around two months, during which it is analyzed to determine if it is of interest to the DFS. Under the guidelines, anyone can report material that infringes directly on their personal rights to the service provider, either to have it removed or to find out who posted it. In 2016, Makoto Sakurai, a personality known for anti-Korean rhetoric, opened a channel on online television station AbemaTV; a rush of online criticism followed, and the channel was deleted.4, Social media platforms occasionally restrict content at the governments request. Japan tends to censor some stuff like decapitations and gore. Do the constitution or other laws fail to protect rights such as freedom of expression, access to information, and press freedom, including on the internet, and are they enforced by a judiciary that lacks independence? A Myanmar citizen has filed a complaint at the Norwegian Data Protection Authority against Telenor Group under Article 77(1) of the European Union . The group essentially serves as an online public relations effort for the LDP, though its rules make clear that members are responsible for their own social media posts. People can freely use the internet to mobilize, and netizens did so during the reporting period, notably to protest discrimination against women and LGBT+ communities. What kind of destruction? Are individuals subject to extralegal intimidation or physical violence by state authorities or any other actor in relation to their online activities? Voters found to have improperly solicited support for a candidate via email could be fined 500,000 ($4,534) or imprisoned for two years.10, Article 175 of the penal code bans the sale or distribution of obscene material, and while the relevant provisions date back more than century, they are considered to apply online.11 This year, China's National Film Board tightened regulations on foreign films requiring that they now undergo a second round of reviews by the Chinese Communist Party. Japanese courts continue to uphold strict criteria for delisting search results on major platforms. A number of initiatives sprang up in response to the 2011 Fukushima disaster. Heightened awareness of nonconsensual sharing of intimate images and online harassment culminated in the adoption of a law criminalizing such activity in 2014. In April 2019, the Macnica Networks Corporation, an information-technology trading firm, stated that groups reportedly connected to China were suspected of targeting private companies; it cited alleged efforts by Chinese cyberespionage group APT10 to hack Japanese defense companies in 2018.6, In January 2020, the Mitsubishi Electric Corporation disclosed that that it experienced massive cyberattacks in June 2019. Increasingly, however, if we want to find direct government censorship of speech, we don't have to travel far. The J-NSC remained active during the coverage period.2. Following the governments effort to block manga piracy sites in early 2018, observers expressed concern that the move conflicted with the Telecommunications Business Act and the constitutional ban on censorship.2 The book concludes by assessing the current state of censorship in Japan and likely future developments. The city has considered measures to deal with online hate speech, but did not implement a specific ordinance to address this activity. The law gives a range of officials the discretion to indefinitely restrict public information pertaining to national security.2 Despite this pushback, the MIC supported NTT.5 In February 2019, civil society groups and ordinary users issued a joint statement asking the MIC to suspend the program,5 These distinctions, however, are not perfect. In March 2020, the government approved a revision of the Copyright Act, making it illegal to download manga, magazines, and academic publications, in addition to music and videos including in the previous version, without the copyright holders permission. Facebook has suppressed content posted by Palestinians and their supporters speaking out about human rights issues in Israel and Palestine. alerts & publications Amended Japan Privacy Law Will Come into Effect in April 2022 November 16, 2021 Tokyo was O'Melveny's first international expansion destination, and we have offered robust Japan related Corporate and Dispute Resolution services for our clients for more than 30 years. Under the criminal procedure code, however, investigators can order a person to decrypt an encrypted electronic record.2, Increased concerns over harassment, intimidation, and slander during the previous coverage period led members of the ruling LDP to meet with experts to discuss the possibility of deanonymizing the accounts of those who engage in such behavior online. The censorship directives are the latest sign of how thoroughly Hong Kong is being reshaped by Beijing's security law, which took aim at the city's pro-democracy protest movement but has had . However, in June 2018, Okamoto Kenichiro, known as Hagex online, was murdered in Fukuoka after presenting a seminar on best practices to deal with online disagreements and abuse, among other topics.7 Osakas ordinance authorized the public identification of groups that disseminate hate speech, defined as communication which defames and aims to exclude a particular group based on race or ethnicity, including through online transmission, according to news reports.16 These included interactive maps to share public information about disaster relief,1 Law enforcement requests for this data should be supported by a warrant.4 Taniwaki, who had been instrumental in the governments policies on mobile phone prices, was quickly transferred to another position.7, In March 2021, the Cabinet approved Shunichi Tokura, the former chairman of the Japan Music Rights Association (JASRAC), as Commissioner for Cultural Affairs. The court has up to six months to decide whether to order a content provider to disclose the senders information, and can also order access providers to retain senders information during the proceedings. China. In May 2018, public broadcaster NHK and the Intercept reported on the activities of the Directorate for Signals Intelligence (DFS), a spy agency that monitors and analyzes electronic communications.15 Digital activism in Japan has been highly effective at both the local and the national level, and online mobilization tools are freely available. In contrast, when private individuals or groups organize boycotts against stores that sell magazines of which they disapprove, their actions are protected by the First Amendment, although they can become dangerous in the extreme. Service providers protect themselves from civil liability by adhering to voluntary guidelines on takedown requests.8 In May 2021, Aren Hachimura, the younger brother of NBA basketball player Rui Hachimura, received racist messages over SNS. Acknowledging that "one might think this is simply conjecture by the ACE Economic Research Center," Yasuda then cited five specific Western-oriented changes he believed were instrumental in contributing to the brand's slow march towards self-destruction: 1. One book is by Hokusai and the other is by Utamaro.8 An American scholar of Japanese descent 43 The assassination of former Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has shocked Japan, a country with one of the world's lowest rates of gun crime due to its strict laws on gun ownership. While both uploading and downloading pirated material was already illegal under the copyright law, with uploaders subject to 10 years imprisonment or fines of up to 10 million ($90,692), the version in effect since 2012 added two years in jail or fines of up to 2 million ($18,138) for downloading a single pirated file.4, In response to the attempted blocking of manga piracy sites in early 2018 (see B1), the Cultural Council of the Cultural Affairs Agency discussed amending the copyright law to expand the types of content that would be illegal to download or reproduce beyond pirated music and videos, to include material such as social media posts showing animated characters or personal blogs with icons containing copyrighted images.5 The Tokyo-based Safer Internet Association (SIA) reported that it was asked to manage over 7,276 cases of nonconsensual sharing of intimate images in 2019 and secured the deletion of the content in 6,771 (93 percent) of those cases.2, Previously, inflammatory, nationalist speech targeting Japanese residents of Korean origin and other minority groups was also subject to removal. In May 2020, MICs minister Takaichi Sanae, voiced her interest in amending the Provider Liability Limitation Law.3 A 2012 legal revision targeting copyright violators applies to any internet users who download content they know has been illegally copied, as opposed to just those engaged in piracy for commercial gain.3 10 Man arrested after using AI to 'destroy' censor mosaics in Japanese adult videos Oct. 25, 2021 06:00 am JST 0 Comment TOKYO Kyoto prefectural police officers have arrested a 43-year-old male resident of Takasago, Hyogo Prefecture. In February of that year, the Cabinet Office reportedly sent a letter demanding that the reporter be restricted from asking questions at press events. In February 2019, the NICT, under the MIC, launched the NOTICE program,4 In 2017, the Japanese Supreme Court ruled in favor of Google and established criteria for delisting search results that same year.10 The new Hong Kong national security law, the basis for Britain's admonition to Browder, provides for the indictment of anyone, anywhere, for speech seen as inimical to Chinese security interests. Are there economic or regulatory constraints that negatively affect users ability to publish content online? A week after the petition launched, it was revealed that Mori would resign as the head of the Olympic Organizing Committee.3, Women in Japan have also mobilized online through the #KuToo movement, which opposes a requirement that women wear high heels in the workplace. Four of its women characters, Jean, Amber, Mona and Rosaria, would be getting new "alternate . During the previous reporting period, a number of users were charged with virus-related offenses (see C3). Internet freedom continued to improve in Japan during this reporting period. COVID-19 patients and individuals who allegedly tested positive for the virus also faced harassment on social media.2. The future of an independent NHK is crucial given the increasing demand for impartial, objective and trusted sources of information. Japan is a multiparty parliamentary democracy. With this, they brought an end to his nine-month spree of destruction. The original case was brought after a 2010 leak of police documents revealed that Muslims were subject to widespread monitoring for possible terrorist activity. If the poster refuses permission, the service provider is authorized to assess the complaint and act on it if it is deemed legitimate. Many people lost service for days or weeks, and mobile phone usage dropped by almost half in the affected areas.10. Japans antistalking law, originally enacted in 2000, was revised in 2013 to address email harassment, and further revised in 2016 to penalize repeated blog posts or messages on social networking services.15. Japans telecommunications infrastructure is advanced, and there have been no reports of the government deliberately disconnecting telecommunications service. Some private companies occasionally accept the governments requests to remove content. They include televisions Broadcasting Ethics and Program Improvement Organization and the Internet Content Safety Association, which manages the blocking of child sexual abuse images online.2 In response, hashtags such as Tokyo Shimbun reporter restricted from asking questions, toward a country where we can freely ask questions, and we have the right to know trended on Twitter.9 he age of consent in Japan is 13 years old because it is based on the Napoleonic Code, which was introduced to Japan in the late 19th century. In 2016, the law was expanded to include fraud, theft, and child sexual abuse images.9 Besides benefiting Japanese consumers,9 However, harassment and intimidation, particularly against women and individuals with at least one Black parent, persist. In 2017, the UNs special rapporteur for freedom of expression criticized the kisha club system.3 While these provisions were contested, and revisions are still planned,9 The platform provided data in 42 percent of cases.17. Abe was . The UNs special rapporteur for privacy noted ahead of the laws passage that in order to establish the existence and the extent of such a planning and preparatory actions, it is logical to assume that those charged would have had to be subjected to a considerable level of surveillance beforehand.7, Under a wiretap law enacted in 2000, law enforcement agents may seek a court order to conduct electronic surveillance in criminal investigations involving drugs, firearms, human trafficking, or organized murders, in an exception to articles of other laws that explicitly forbid wiretapping.8 In December 2019, Kawasaki City created the first nondiscrimination ordinance that includes criminal penalties for hate speech in public spaces. Twitter complied with 29.4 percent of the requests.7. Anonymization provisions allow for personal data to be transferred to a third party without the consent of the subject if specific requirements are met.6 Observers argue that the industry has generally improved since the MIC was established in 2001, which resulted from the merger of the Ministry of Home Affairs, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, and the governments Management and Coordination Agency.1, Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) supported by the relevant companies in these three sectors perform a self-regulatory function. Implementation guidelines for the law described four main fields of state secretsdefense, diplomacy, counterintelligence, and counterterrorismwhich are further divided into 55 categories.2, Other laws prescribe potentially disproportionate penalties for online activity. No major foreign operators have successfully penetrated the telecommunications market independently. We're doing our best to get things working smoothly! Authorities have used the law to convict the operators of manga piracy site Mangamura (see C2 and C3). Security agents and the military were accused of conducting illegal surveillance in cases involving national security in 2003 and 2004.13 The number of interceptions has more than doubled from the previous year, partly due to the introduction of new procedures that allow the police to wiretap individuals without witnesses from telecommunication companies.11, The wiretap law was controversial when it passed, in part due to the authorities periodic abuse of surveillance powers.12 With seemingly no judicial oversight and potential access to millions of users personal devices, NOTICE has raised serious privacy concerns. The court indicated that points such as the content of the search results, the scope of disclosure, the social status of the persons involved, the social situation, and the necessity of disclosing facts were critical in deciding whether search engine results should be removed.13 GR No. In 2016, major Japanese news outlets reported that government officials pressured TEPCO not to use the term meltdown at a news conference shortly after the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant accident.5 In June 2020, the Tokyo High Court reversed a lower court ruling that Twitter must remove posts which detailed the plaintiffs arrest records (see B3). Some municipal governments have also introduced local ordinances on hate speech, including the government of Osaka in 2016. Donald Trump's claim that his anti-BDS order "targets antisemitism" was presented as fact in the New York Times headline ( 12/10/19 . There are some known cases of the government or powerful groups proactively manipulating online news or other content. Are individuals penalized for online activities, particularly those that are protected under international human rights standards? and the online organization of large demonstrations and protests against nuclear energy. Individuals who have criticized the ruling LDP and the government have also faced targeted harassment. Many providers bundle digital media subscriptions, including cable television, voice over internet protocol (VoIP) services, and email, pushing costs higher. Do infrastructural limitations restrict access to the internet or the speed and quality of internet connections? While users have a choice of providers for internet services, certain companies dominate the market. Do online journalists, commentators, and ordinary users practice self-censorship? I don't know a whole lot about japanese censorship stuff, I know Sony itself likes to censor though. In January 2021, the three major mobile phone companies launched new low-cost plans, after decades of pressure from the ruling Liberal Democratic Party.3 In 2021, authorities fined Facebook, Twitter, Telegram, Google, TikTok, and other internet companies a total of at least 187 million RUB (US$2.5 million) over failures to take down supposedly. Just as in ancient Grecian communities, the Roman ideal of good governance included shaping the character of the people. I know they sold 2 different versions of RE games at least, a more censored version and a less censored version for adults. Although that years guidelines from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) garnered criticism, they helped address concerns that the cost of switching providers favored dominant players and created a barrier for new market entrants.8 A coalition of groups, including the Japan Internet Providers Association and the Movement of Internet Active Users, an organization that advocates for users rights, lobbied against the mandate, and mobile users can now select voluntary filters.9, Right to be forgotten cases increased around the same time as a landmark 2014 decision on the topic by the Court of Justice of the European Union. The PS4 launched in 2013, but Japan's release came afterward. However, the LDP ultimately decided not to submit a bill on LGBT+ equality due to strong opposition by some conservative lawmakers.8, In early 2019, users rallied behind a Tokyo Shimbun reporter who was targeted by the government. Between July and December 2020, Facebook restricted access to one piece of content in response to an order from Brazils Supreme Court related to pages that supported Brazilian President Bolsanaro.5 In June 2018, the government convened a panel to review potential legislation targeting websites that host pirated content. Government statistics show that the average cost of internet access for households with two or more people across Japan in 2020 was 3,601 ($34.59) compared with 3,753 ($36.05) in 2017.2 Chinese groups BlackTech and Tick were reportedly behind the breaches.7 Sharp regional cost disparities exist; service was more expensive in Japans major cities in 2020, with customers paying an average of 3,835 ($36.89) per month. To help limit its effectiveness, two local dailies instituted fact-checking processes. Facebook reported 66 government requests involving 82 accounts between July and December 2020. Explicit images of genitalia are forbidden in Japan . A law enacted in 2003 and revised in 2008 prohibits electronic communications encouraging sexual activity with minors.14 In June 2020, the founder of news site Independent Web Journal, Yasumi Iwakami, had his appeal dismissed regarding a fine he was required to pay for allegedly defaming former Osaka prefectural governor, Toru Hashimoto. Censorship by the government is unconstitutional. Japanese man arrested for stealing women's shoes and replacing them with new ones; Japanese office disaster: man pees in drink bottle of woman coworker because "he liked her" Japanese Twitter reacts to Logan Paul's "Japanese Suicide Forest" video; Man travels 100 kilometers in middle of the night in Japan to punch another dude in . the use of Googles Person Finder web application to facilitate rescue and recovery,2 creator Ken Akamatsu has decided to walk the walk and change Japanese censorship laws by running for office. Mosaic destruction. The telecommunications, internet, and broadcast sectors are regulated by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) rather than an independent commission. which attempts to crack the passwords of about 200 million internet-connected devices in homes and offices, starting with webcams, routers, and sensors, in order to better secure vulnerable devices with stronger passwords. Art censorship in Hong Kong is "very much real," an expert said after the city's much-anticipated art gallery opened recently without showcasing some expected artworks by a Chinese dissident. However, several cases of online harassment were documented during the coverage period. Under the guidelines, anyone can report material that infringes directly on their personal rights to the service provider, either to have it removed or to find out who posted it. And C3 ) facebook reported 66 government requests involving 82 accounts between and... 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